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FLOATING CELL BB  1  E;pq! FLOATING CELL BK; $FLOATING CELL A ,r!X`   _% E %%%%% F   t%%D(+`"BibleIntensiveThe P  Atonementa" E(+#%%t#  D  $%%`8 Vocabulary,Old&NewTestamentFulfillmenta8 #%%$# 0   `:February20,2003a: W %4!" Preparedfor`;Thursdayeveninglecturea;  '"$ by`%  ElliottPollasch%a  `(#% Filename:.1C:\Documents and Settings\elliotts\My Documents\Training Center Material\Bible Intensive\The Atonement.wpdC:\DocumentsandSettings\elliotts\MyDocuments\TrainingCenterMaterial\Bible *X%' Intensive\TheAtonement.wpd/    *&( ` 8s%dd8 t('%%MadCityBibleIntensive0 0 (# (#0< (# (#0<(#<(#0(#(#0D(#(#0D(#D(#0(#(#0L(#(#February20,2003#%%'t(b# L(#L(#  T-  Vm    Vm0 @4 @   TheAtonement:Vocabulary,Old&NewTestamentFulfillment#@""J(#.LLI4(#4(##Vm݌ @ Ќ  Vm  Vm0 @ @   Vm݌̌  ThisUnitTheologyoftheAtonement l  )  )0 4 0 4(#4(#0 (# (#0< (# (#   )݌ <(#<(# Ќ  Introduction:Whatdoestheatonementconcern? d  '  ' 0 4 0 4(#4(#0 (# (#   ' ݌  (# (# Ќ  TheVocabularyoftheAtonement    4 Atonement: 0 '  ' 0 4 0 4(#4(#0 (# (#   ' ݌  (# (# Ќ   4 Propitiation D  )  ) 0 4 0 4(#4(#0 (# (#0< (# (#   ) ݌ <(#<(# Ќ   4 Salvation: (`#+  .*3  4 Reconciliation   4 Redemption/Ransom t  )  )@ 0 4 0 4(#4(#0 (# (#0< (# (#   )@ [ ݌ <(#<(# Ќ   4 ExpiationorPropitiation? !# TheIdeaofAtonementinOld&NewTestament x'"*  4 OldTestamentType  )p$,  4  4 1.APhysicalCover *&.  4 2.ToCoverOver p,'0  .h)2  4 3.TheDayofAtonementLeviticus16:134  )  )0 4 0 4(#4(#0 (# (#0< (# (#   )݌ <(#<(# Ќ  TheBookofHebrewsasfulfillmentHebrews9:128____      _ 8s%d%d8oU# %%     U  `% G TheAtonement:Vocabulary,Old&NewTestament  FulfillmentU%  Ԍ (x Ќ%% #        G0 4    ThisUnitTheologyoftheAtonement Gb 0Ԍ\4(#4(# Ќ      0 4    1.VocabularyoftheAtonement 5 0WԌ T4(#4(# Ќ      0 4    2.OldTestamentTypes  0$Ԍ 4(#4(# Ќ      ݬ0 4    3.NewTestamentFulfillmenta C ݬ 0ԌT  4(#4(# Ќ      ݍ0 4    4.WhydidJesushavetodie? ݍ 0ԌL 4(#4(# Ќ      Y0 4    5.WhatGodaccomplished Yt 0Ԍ 4(#4(# Ќ       0 4    6.OurParticipation  ; 0]ԌL 4(#4(# Ќ  _ %%     _  Introduction:Whatdoestheatonementconcern?_P  Ԍ  Ќ%%      cXYZ[\]^_`(I#y2U"X3"  > <( 4 <DLX<X32I#o3  0    Properlyspeaking:AtonementdealswithunderstandingwhatChristdidthroughhisdeath, R burialandresurrectionX34݌&v(#(# Ќ  "X3"  ?( 4 <DL4X?X3A2I#o3  0    WhydidChristhavetodie?X3A݌(#(# Ќ  "X3"  ?( 4 <DL4X?X3Q2I#o3  0    Whatdidhisdeathaccomplish!bothinGod,andforus?X3Q݌v(#(# Ќ  "X3"  ?( 4 <DL4X?X32I#o3  0    Whatistheessentialofthecross?X3݌n(#(# Ќ  "X3"  ?( 4 <DL4X?X32I#o3  0    Whatistheessentialforusinsharingourfaith?X3 ݌(#(# Ќ   n    XX%%       TherearesomeoverridingprinciplesconcerningTheAtonementtogetacross: 3!  !Ԍ "f" Ќ%%XX    #b# "X3"  ?( 4 <DL4X? X36"2I#o3  0    MercyandForgivenesshavealwaysbeenGodsDispositionX36""݌$ %(#(# Ќ   U(d2ycXYZ[\]^_`. cXYZ[\]^_`(I#y2U"X3"  ?( 4 <DL4X?X3o$2I#o3  0    CosmicNeedofAtonementMankindcooptedGodsruletoSatanattheFallX3o$$݌b&!'(#(# Ќ  "X3"  ?( 4 <DL4X?X3%2I#o3  0    PersonalNeedofAtonement!GodsMercyandJusticearebothfulfilledX3%#&݌ (Z#)(#(# Ќ  "X3"  ?( 4 <DL4X?X3'2I#o3  0    TheAtonementisNecessarytoGodandUs.X3'l'݌)%+(#(# Ќ  "X3"  ?( 4 <DL4X?X3%(2I#o3  0    Jesuslife,death,providedforboththeCosmicandPersonalDimensionsofSalvation Z+&- forUs. X3%((݌.,~'.(#(# Ќ   e   e)0      Iplanondoingtwomainthings:VocabularyandOverallBiblicalPicture!Joeisgoingto -&)0 dotheCauseandNecessityoftheAtonement,andIllcomebackwithParticipation e)) 0)Ԍ.)1(#(# Ќ  _ %%     _ +  TheVocabularyoftheAtonement_ +w+  =+Ԍ  Ќ%%      XX%%     F,  Atonement: F,,  x,Ԍ f Ќ%%XX    b Leviticus16:10  Z Ѐ"ButthegoatonwhichthelotforthescapegoatfellshallbepresentedalivebeforetheLord,   tomakeatonementuponit,tosenditintothewildernessasthescapegoat.    . ~  Leviticus17:11 &  Ѐ'Forthelifeofthefleshisintheblood,andIhavegivenittoyouonthealtartomake ~  atonementforyoursouls;foritisthebloodbyreasonofthelifethatmakesatonement.' R    !%%     /  TheEnglishwordatonementisderivedfromthetwowords atonementastateoftogethernessand J agreementbetweentwopeople. // it/Ԍ  Ќ%%!          310     WhatisthePresuppositionintheImagery? 31N1 0p1Ԍ Z(#(# Ќ   cXYZ[\]^_`(I#yycXYZ[\]^_`"X3"  X322I#o3  0    Atonementpresupposestwopartiesthatarealienatedwiththeactofatonement  beingthereconciliationofthemintoastateofharmony.X322݌(#(# Ќ  "X3"  X332I#o3  0    ThetheologicalmeaningisthereconciliationbetweenGodandhisfallencreation! .~ becauseofbothhisloveandhisjustice. X334݌R(#(# Ќ   cXYZ[\]^_`(I#yycXYZ[\]^_` 2AtonementisthusasolutiontothemainproblemofthehumanraceitsestrangementfromGod  stemmingfromthefallofAdamandEve. ~     e60     TheSacrificialImageryoftheOldTestament. e66 06Ԍ&v (#(# Ќ      A70     Theimageryofanimalsacrifice,especiallybloodsacrifice,isthedominantOTimage  " foratonement,basedontheprinciplethat underthe[OT]lawalmosteverythingis !# purifiedwithblood,andwithoutthesheddingofbloodthereisnoforgivenessofsins v"$ (Heb9:22RSV). A7\7 0~7ԌJ#%(#(# Ќ      C90     Theimageryofatoningsacrificemaybesummedupinthismanner: C9^9 09Ԍ$B '(#(# Ќ      3:0     thesinsofhumanityviolatedtheholinessoftheCreatorandbroughtthesentenceof &!) death, 3:N: 0p:Ԍn'"*(#(# Ќ      R;0     asentencethatcanbeavertedonlybythesubstitutionofasacrificeofdeath. R;m; 0;Ԍ)f$,(#(# Ќ      Q<0     Throughthebloodofsacrifice,sinfulpeopleareabletoreceivetheblessingofGod *&. insteadofhisjudgment. Q<l< 0<Ԍ+&/(#(# Ќ   :-(1 Ї XX%%     =  Propitiation ==  =Ԍ  Ќ%%XX     Romans3:25-26 T ЀwhomGoddisplayedpubliclyasapropitiationinHisbloodthroughfaith.Thiswasto L demonstrateHisrighteousness,becauseintheforbearanceofGodHepassedoverthe   sinspreviouslycommitted;[26]forthedemonstration,Isay,ofHisrighteousnessatthe   presenttime,sothatHewouldbejustandthejustifieroftheonewhohasfaithinJesus. x  Hebrews2:17  p  ЀTherefore,HehadtobemadelikeHisbrethreninallthings,sothatHemightbecomea   mercifulandfaithfulhighpriestinthingspertainingtoGod,tomakepropitiationforthe   sinsofthepeople. p  1John2:2 h  ЀandHeHimselfisthepropitiationforoursins;andnotforoursonly,butalsoforthoseofthe  wholeworld.  1John4:10 < ЀInthisislove,notthatwelovedGod,butthatHelovedusandsentHisSontobethe 4 propitiationforoursins.   `     fC0     Propitiationmeanstheremovalofwrathbytheofferingofagift!anappeasement. fCC 0CԌX(#(# Ќ      jD0     Propitiationimpliesthatinsteadofjudgement,thereisanextensionoffavor.Inother  words,Godis propitious!favorable!towardsthosewhoChristsdeathhas  broughtaboutforgivenessofsin. jDD 0DԌX (#(# Ќ      F0     IntheOTitisexpressedbytheverbkipper.IntheNTthehilaskomaiwordgroupis !P" theimportantone. F3F 0UFԌ!$#(#(# Ќ   |#% Amongsometheologians,theideaofpropitiationhasbeenstronglycriticizedasanunworthy $%t ' ideaofGod. %H!( Manysuggestthatthetermpropitiationshouldbeabandonedinfavourof expiation,andthis '"* isdone,forexample,inrsv. t(#+  ,>Theobjectiontopropitiationariseslargelyfromanobjectiontothewholeideaofthe *l%- wrathofGod,whichisquestionableinlightoftheemphasisonGodsloveandmercy.. *@&. BUT,SininevitablyarousesthestrongestreactionfromGod. ,'0 Godisopposedtoevilineveryshapeandformwhilehemaybeslowtoanger(Ne. @.)2 9:17,etc.),hisangerisyetcertaininthefaceofsin.  WemayevenreadTheLordisslowtoanger,andaboundinginsteadfastlove, X forgivinginiquityandtransgression,buthewillbynomeanscleartheguilty(Nu.14:18). ,|  $ ! ! cXYZ[\]^_`(I#yycXYZ[\]^_`"X3"  X3?L2I#o3  0   Thiswasultimatelydue,nottoanyefficacyinthesacrifice,buttoGodhimself. |  Godsays,Ihavegivenitoryouuponthealtartomakeatonementforyour P  souls(Lv.17:11).X3?LlL݌$ t  (# (# Ќ  "X3"  X3M2I#o3  0   Pardonisnotsomethingwrungfromanunwillingdeity.X3M N݌   (# (# Ќ  "X3"  X3N2I#o3  0   ItisthegraciousgiftoraGodwhoiseagertoforgive.Sothepsalmistcansay, t  He,beingcompassionate,forgavetheiriniquity,anddidnotdestroythem;he H  restrainedhisangeroften,anddidnotstirupallhiswrath(Ps.78:38).X3NN݌l  (# (# Ќ  "X3"  X3P2I#o3  0   TheavertingofthewrathofGodisnotsomethingwhichmenbringabout.Itis  duetononelessthanGodhimself,whoturnedhisangeraway(av).X3PP݌ (# (# Ќ   cXYZ[\]^_`(I#yycXYZ[\]^_`K    ݉R0    WeseetheforceoftheNTideaofpropitiationinRom.3:24f.Weare @ justifiedfreelybyhisgracethroughtheredemptionthatisinChristJesus: d whomGodhathsetforthtobeapropitiationthroughfaithinhisblood. ݉RR 0RԌ8 (# (# Ќ      JT0    TheforceofPaulsargumentuptothispointisthatall,JewandGentile  alike,areunderthecondemnationofGod.ThewrathofGodisrevealed d fromheavenagainstallungodlinessandwickednessofmen(Rom.1:18). JTeT 0TԌ8 (# (# Ќ       V0    PaulshowsfirstthattheGentileworldstandsunderGodscondemnation 0 andthenthattheJewishworldisinthesameplight.  V%V 0GVԌ (# (# Ќ   cXYZ[\]^_`(I#yycXYZ[\]^_`"X3"  X3W2I#o3  0   ItisagainstthisbackgroundthattheworkofChristisoffered.X3WW݌\ (# (# Ќ  "X3"  X3X2I#o3  0   Christdidnotsavemenfromnothingatall.Hedeliveredthemfromaveryreal  T! peril.Thesentenceofjudgmenthadbeenpassedagainstthem.X3XX݌ (" (# (# Ќ  "X3"  X3Z2I#o3  0   PaulhasstronglyemphasizedthewrathofGodthroughouttheseopening "$ chapters,andthereforeChristssavingworkmustincludedeliverancefromthis T#% wrath.X3ZIZ݌($x& (# (# Ќ  "X3"  X3[2I#o3  0   Thisdeliveranceisdescribedbythewordpropitiation.X3[[݌% !( (# (# Ќ   cXYZ[\]^_`(I#yycXYZ[\]^_`MWIn 1Jn.2:2Jesusisdescribedasthepropitiationforoursins.Intheprevious x'"* verseheisouradvocatewiththeFather.  L(#+ Allthishelpsustoseethatpropitiationistobetakenhereinitsusualsense.Jesus )D%- activityformenisdescribedasturningawaythedivinewrath. *&. PropitiationisareminderthatGodisopposedtoeverythingthatisevil,thathis p,'0 oppositionmayproperlybedescribedaswrath,andthatthiswrathisputawayonlyby D-(1 theatoningworkofChrist. .h)2  XX%%    , _  Salvation: _` ic_Ԍ  Ќ%%XX         `0     SalvationappearsintheOT,astheword=Yeshua(Jesus) `` 0aԌT(#(# Ќ      a0     ItappearsintheNTastheword=Soterios(FromwhichwegetSoteriology) aa 0bԌL(#(# Ќ      b0     Itimpliesdeliverance...settingfree... bb 0bԌ (#(# Ќ   L   Exodus14:13  D  ЀButMosessaidtothepeople,"Donotfear!StandbyandseethesalvationoftheLordwhich   Hewillaccomplishforyoutoday;fortheEgyptianswhomyouhaveseentoday,youwill p  neverseethemagainforever. D   < Exodus15:2  Ѐ"TheLordismystrengthandsong, < ЀAndHehasbecomemysalvation; 4 ЀThisismyGod,andIwillpraiseHim;  ЀMyfather'sGod,andIwillextolHim. 4  , Psalm27:1  APsalmofDavid. , |! ЀTheLordismylightandmysalvation; !$# ЀWhomshallIfear? |#% ЀTheLordisthedefenseofmylife; $%t ' ЀWhomshallIdread? &")  t(#+ Isaiah59:16-17 *l%- ЀAndHesawthattherewasnoman, +'/ ЀAndwasastonishedthattherewasnoonetointercede; l-(1 ЀThenHisownarmbroughtsalvationtoHim,  ЀAndHisrighteousnessupheldHim. X Ѐ[17]Heputonrighteousnesslikeabreastplate, P ЀAndahelmetofsalvationonHishead;   ЀAndHeputongarmentsofvengeanceforclothing P  ЀAndwrappedHimselfwithzealasamantle.  H     1Thes.5:8-9 H  ЀButsinceweareoftheday,letusbesober,havingputonthebreastplateoffaithandlove, @  andasahelmet,thehopeofsalvation.[9]ForGodhasnotdestinedusforwrath,butfor  obtainingsalvationthroughourLordJesusChrist,   @ 2Thes.2:13 8 ЀButweshouldalwaysgivethankstoGodforyou,brethrenbelovedbytheLord,becauseGod  haschosenyoufromthebeginningforsalvationthroughsanctificationbytheSpiritand d faithinthetruth. 8  0 Hebrews9:28  ЀsoChristalso,havingbeenofferedoncetobearthesinsofmany,willappearasecondtime 0  forsalvationwithoutreferencetosin,tothosewhoeagerlyawaitHim.  T! Ѐ    m0     l.Salvationishistorical. m$n 0FnԌT#%(#(# Ќ   ($x&  TheOTviewofsalvationisthroughhistoric,divineintervention $L ' MankindissavedbyGodsactioninhistoryinthepersonofJesusChrist. % !(  &!)  Romans4:25 x'"* ЀHewhowasdeliveredoverbecauseofourtransgressions,andwasraisedbecauseofour L(#+ justification.  )p$, Ѐ *&. Romans5:10 +&/ ЀForifwhilewewereenemieswewerereconciledtoGodthroughthedeathofHisSon,much p,'0 more,havingbeenreconciled,weshallbesavedbyHislife. D-(1  .h)2 1John4:9-10  ЀBythistheloveofGodwasmanifestedinus,thatGodhassentHisonlybegottenSoninto  theworldsothatwemightlivethroughHim.[10]Inthisislove,notthatwelovedGod,but X thatHelovedusandsentHisSontobethepropitiationforoursins. ,|  P  $      |  Whilethebirth,lifeandministryofJesusareimportant,thestressfallsuponhisdeath P  andresurrection $ t    H  Ѐ   wearesavedbythebloodofhiscross. t   H   Romans5:9 l  ЀMuchmorethen,havingnowbeenjustifiedbyHisblood,weshallbesavedfromthewrath @  ofGodthroughHim.    Ephes.1:7 l ЀInHimwehaveredemptionthroughHisblood,theforgivenessofourtrespasses,according @ totherichesofHisgrace d  8 Col.1:20   ЀandthroughHimtoreconcileallthingstoHimself,havingmadepeacethroughthebloodof  Hiscross;throughHim,Isay,whetherthingsonearthorthingsinheaven. d  8 Rev.5:9  \ ЀAndtheysanganewsong,saying, 0 "WorthyareYoutotakethebookandtobreakitsseals;forYouwereslain,andpurchasedfor  GodwithYourbloodmenfromeverytribeandtongueandpeopleandnation.   \  0      Rx0     2.Salvationfrom: Rxmx 0xԌ T!(#(# Ќ    (" ! ! QXYZ[\]^_`(xycXYZ[\]^_` cXYZ[\]^_`(I#yxQXYZ[\]^_`"Y;"  Y;Kz0  2I#o3  0 (#(#  fromsinanditsconsequencesY;Kzxz݌!# (# (# Ќ    "X3"  X3?{2I#o3  0   fromguilt(Rom.5:1;Heb.10:22,X3?{l{݌"$ (# (# Ќ  "X3"    X3|2I#o3  0   fromthelawanditscurse(Gal.3:13;Col.2:14)X3|P|݌T#% (# (# Ќ  "X3"    X3 }2I#o3  0   fromdeath(1Pet.1:3!5;1Cor.15:51!56),X3 }D}݌($x& (# (# Ќ  "X3"    X3}2I#o3  0   fromjudgment(Rom.5:9;Heb.9:28,X3}8~݌$L ' (# (# Ќ  "X3"    X3~2I#o3  0   fromfear(Heb.2:15;2Tim.1:7,9f.)X3~݌% !( (# (# Ќ  "X3"    X32I#o3  0   bondage(Tit.2:11!3:6;Gal5:1f).X3݌&!) (# (# Ќ   QXYZ[\]^_`(xycXYZ[\]^_`y x'"*     P0      Pk 0Ԍ (#(# Ќ    )p$,  )D%-  *&.  +&/  p,'0  D-(1  XX%%     t   t҂ Ԍ .h)2 Ќ%%XX    XX%%     t  Reconciliation t҃ Ԍ  Ќ%%XX         ݗ0     ThereareacoupleofimportantNTpassageswhichtreatoftheworkofChristunder  thefigureofreconciliation,!   0ԄԌT(#(# Ќ   (x Romans5:10 L ЀForifwhilewewereenemieswewerereconciledtoGodthroughthedeathofHisSon,much   more,havingbeenreconciled,weshallbesavedbyHislife.    x       0       0Ԍ (#(# Ќ  2Cor.5:19-21  p  Ѐnamely,thatGodwasinChristreconcilingtheworldtoHimself,notcountingtheir  D  trespassesagainstthem,andHehascommittedtousthewordofreconciliation.   Ѐ[20]Therefore,weareambassadorsforChrist,asthoughGodweremakinganappeal   throughus;webegyouonbehalfofChrist,bereconciledtoGod.[21]HemadeHimwho p  knewnosintobesinonourbehalf,sothatwemightbecometherighteousnessofGodin D  Him. h  Ѐ      0     TheGk.wordsnoun,katallageandtheverbskatallassoandapokatallasso.  00Ԍ(#(# Ќ      0       0=Ԍ (#(# Ќ      ݦ0     Reconciliationimpliesthedoingawayofanenmity,theresolvingofseparation. ݦ 0Ԍ<(#(# Ќ      ݥ0      ݥ 0Ԍ (#(# Ќ      K0     Itimpliesthatthepartiesbeingreconciledwereformerlyhostiletooneanother. Kf 0Ԍ4(#(# Ќ      L0      Lg 0Ԍ (#(# Ќ      0     TheBibletellsuswearesinners&enemiesofGod(Rom.5:10).   0/Ԍ(#(# Ќ   `  cXYZ[\]^_`(I#yxQXYZ[\]^_`"X3"  X3}2I#o3  0    Christdiedtoputawayoursin.HemadethewayopenforustocomebacktoGod.Itis 4 thiswhichisdescribedbythetermreconciliation.X3}݌X(#(# Ќ   , "X3"  X32I#o3  0    ItisinterestingtonoticethatnoNTpassagespeaksofChristasreconcilingGodtoman.X3݌(#(# Ќ    "X3"  X32I#o3  0    Alwaysthestressisonmansbeingreconciled.X3C݌X (#(# Ќ   , |! "X3"  X32I#o3  0    ݀Itismanssinwhichhascausedtheenmity.Itismanssinthathashadtobedealtwith... !P" 2Cor.5:20tobereconciledtoGod.X3@݌!$#(#(# Ќ   QXYZ[\]^_`(xycXYZ[\]^_` "$      0     ThetwintensionsareGodsHolinesswhichinvolveshisJustice,andGodsmercy |#% whichinvolveshislove.  $ 0FԌP$&(#(# Ќ   $%t ' TheworkofGodinreconciliationdoesnotmeanachangeinGodslove. %H!(  &") ThewholeatoningworkofChriststemsfromGodsgreatlove.Itwaswhilewewereyet '"* sinnersthatChristdiedforus(Rom.5:8).  t(#+  XX%%    F   Redemption/Ransom  oԌ F Ќ%%XX    B     ݿ0     Redemptionmeansdeliverancefromsomeevilbypaymentofaprice!Itbearsthe f ideaof Ransom. ݿڙ 0Ԍ:(#(# Ќ        0     TheHebrewhastwowords!oneimpliesRansom...andtheotherisalegalrightof   regainingpropertythatwaseitherlostorsold.  0>Ԍf (#(# Ќ   :  Psalm49:7-8  ^ ЀNomancanbyanymeansredeemhisbrother  2  ЀOrgivetoGodaransomforhim"    Ѐ[8]Fortheredemptionofhissouliscostly,   ЀAndheshouldceasetryingforever" ^   2      ݺ0     TheNewTestamentrootis lutro;whichimpliesapayment. ݺ՝ 0ԌV (#(# Ќ  Romans3:23-25 *  ЀforallhavesinnedandfallshortofthegloryofGod,[24]beingjustifiedasagiftbyHis   gracethroughtheredemptionwhichisinChristJesus;[25]whomGoddisplayedpublicly  asapropitiationinHisbloodthroughfaith.ThiswastodemonstrateHisrighteousness, V becauseintheforbearanceofGodHepassedoverthesinspreviouslycommitted; *z  N Hebrews9:11-15 " ЀButwhenChristappearedasahighpriestofthegoodthingstocome,Heenteredthrough  thegreaterandmoreperfecttabernacle,notmadewithhands,thatistosay,notofthis z creation;[12]andnotthroughthebloodofgoatsandcalves,butthroughHisownblood, N Heenteredtheholyplaceonceforall,havingobtainedeternalredemption.[13]Forifthe "r bloodofgoatsandbullsandtheashesofaheifersprinklingthosewhohavebeendefiled F sanctifyforthecleansingoftheflesh,[14]howmuchmorewillthebloodofChrist,who  throughtheeternalSpiritofferedHimselfwithoutblemishtoGod,cleanseyourconscience  fromdeadworkstoservethelivingGod? r Ѐ[15]ForthisreasonHeisthemediatorofanewcovenant,sothat,sinceadeathhastaken F placefortheredemptionofthetransgressionsthatwerecommittedunderthefirst j covenant,thosewhohavebeencalledmayreceivethepromiseoftheeternalinheritance. >    !    ݀ g0     Christsaidofhisdeath!itwasaransomformany g 0Ԍ!"(#(# Ќ     ݀ T0      Tp 0Ԍj"#(#(# Ќ  Mark10:45 >#$ Ѐ"ForeventheSonofMandidnotcometobeserved,buttoserve,andtogiveHislifea $b% ransomformany." $6 &  % !' 1Tim.2:6 &!( ЀwhogaveHimselfasaransomforall,thetestimonygivenatthepropertime. b'")  6(#*  ,InExodus21:28-30wehaveanexampleofthesecularuse...  )Z$+ Ѐ"Ifanoxgoresamanorawomantodeath,theoxshallsurelybestonedandits ).%, fleshshallnotbeeaten;buttheowneroftheoxshallgounpunished.[29]"If,however,an *&- oxwaspreviouslyinthehabitofgoringanditsownerhasbeenwarned,yethedoesnot +&. confineitanditkillsamanorawoman,theoxshallbestonedanditsowneralsoshallbe Z,'/ puttodeath.[30]"Ifaransomisdemandedofhim,thenheshallgivefortheredemption .-~(0 ofhislifewhateverisdemandedofhim. .R)1 Ї     ݀ C0    itisprovidedthataransom(Heb.koper)mightbedemandedofhim.He  couldpayasumofmoneyandthusredeemhisforfeitedlife. C_ 0ԌX (# (# Ќ   ,|     ݦ0    Commontothemallistheideaoffreedomsecuredbypaymentofaprice. ݦ 0ԌP (# (# Ќ   $    ItisthiswhichmakestheconceptsousefulforChristians. |   P   QXYZ[\]^_`(xxQXYZ[\]^_`    ݯ0    Jesushadtaughtthemthateveryonewhocommitssinisaslavetosin(Jn. $ t  8:34). ݯʮ 0Ԍ H  (# (# Ќ      ˯0     ˯ 0Ԍ  (# (# Ќ      q0    Paulcanthinkofhimselfascarnal,soldundersin(Rom.7:14),soldas   underacruelslavemaster.HeremindstheRomansthatinearlierdaysthey t  hadbeenslavesofsin(Rom.6:17). q 0ԌH  (# (# Ќ      0     + 0MԌ  (# (# Ќ      ݶ0     ݶѲ 0Ԍ  (# (# Ќ      \0    Fromanotherpointofviewmenwereundersentenceofdeathonaccountof  theirsin.Forthewagesofsinisdeath(Rom.6:23). \w 0Ԍ (# (# Ќ      ݦ0     ݦ 0Ԍ  (# (# Ќ      L0    Sinnersareslaves.Sinnersaredoomedtodeath. Lg 0Ԍ@ (# (# Ќ      +0     +F 0hԌ  (# (# Ќ   QXYZ[\]^_`(xxQXYZ[\]^_`. 8     k0    ThecrossofChristisseenagainstthisbackground.Itisthepricepaidto   releasetheslaves,toletthecondemnedgofree. k 0Ԍ (# (# Ќ   d  Whenwereadofredemptionthroughhisblood(Eph.1:7),thebloodofChristis 8 clearlybeingregardedasthepriceofredemption.   \  0 Paulenvisagesaprocessoffreeing,butbythepaymentofaprice,thebloodofChrist.    ItseemstoimplythatChristredeemedusbytakingourplace(substitution),by \ bearingourcurseasinMk.10:45(aransomformany). 0   ,RedemptionnotonlylooksbacktoCalvary,butforwardtothefreedominwhichthe  (" redeemedstand. !# Youwereboughtwithaprice,Paulcansay,soglorifyGodinyourbody(1Cor.6:20).  T#%  XX%%    F   ExpiationorPropitiation? Y  Ԍ F Ќ%%XX   (BIthasbeenarguedthatatonementshouldbeunderstoodasexpiationforsin. (     ݍ0 4    Expiationinthissensemeanscancellationordismissal. ݍ 0ʽԌ4(#4(# Ќ      ݍ0 4    GodForgives,anditbearsnocost ݍ 0ʾԌ( x4(#4(# Ќ      ^0 4    Itistheideaoftheword Pardon ^y 0Ԍ 4(#4(# Ќ      60 4     6Q 0sԌ 4(#4(# Ќ  Jeremiah31:33-34 L  Ѐ"ButthisisthecovenantwhichIwillmakewiththehouseofIsraelafterthosedays,"  p  declarestheLord,"IwillputMylawwithinthemandontheirheartIwillwriteit;andIwill D  betheirGod,andtheyshallbeMypeople.[34]"Theywillnotteachagain,eachmanhis   neighborandeachmanhisbrother,saying,'KnowtheLord,'fortheywillallknowMe,from   theleastofthemtothegreatestofthem,"declarestheLord,"forIwillforgivetheir p  iniquity,andtheirsinIwillremembernomore." D    , z0    Ontheonehand atonementseemstoinvolvepropitiation,theturning  awayofwrathbyanoffering?? z 0Ԍ (# (# Ќ   h     0    OrdoesitsimplyexpressGodswrathagainstSin...  0Ԍ< (# (# Ќ      ݸ0     ݸ 0Ԍ  (# (# Ќ      ^0    PropitiationseemstoimplyavertingGodspunishment. ^y 0Ԍ4 (# (# Ќ      ThedangerofoveremphasizingGodswrathdoesexist. `  4     0    Godswrath,justice,mercy,andlovearecentralthemesofscripture...in X tension.  0Ԍ, (# (# Ќ    GodscomingwrathisapersistentthemeofJesusparables.     X!! ЀJesusspoke, Fearhimwho,afterthekillingofthebody,haspowertothrowyou ,"|" intohell(Luke12:5).  #P#  #$$ Jesusin John3:36:WhoeverbelievesintheSonhaseternallife,butwhoever $% rejectstheSonwillnotseelife,forGodswrathremainsonhim.  |% &  P&!' ThosewhorejectGodsrighteousnessbecometargetsofhiswrath(Rom.1:18,24, $'t"( 26,28;Eph.5:6;Col.3:6;Heb.10:26!31;Rev.19:11!21). 'H#)  ($*  ,Atonementtakesonitsimportance,urgency,preciselybecauseGodsrighteousjudgment )$+ iscominguponhumansandtheirunrighteousways. t*%, Jesusdeathnotonlyexpiatessin(takesaway,pardons);italsopropitiates(turnsaway ,l'. thewrathof)Godspromisedpunishmentofsinandsinnerswhosetransgressionsarenot ,@(/ atonedfor.  -)0 _ %%     _ʛ  TheIdeaofAtonementinOld&NewTestament_ʛ Ԍ  Ќ%%     j    j  OldTestamentTypej  Ԍ : Ќ      ݏ0 4    1.APhysicalCover ݏ 0Ԍ24(#4(# Ќ  Exodus25:17   Ѐ"Youshallmakeamercyseatofpuregold,twoandahalfcubitslongandoneanda ^  halfcubitswide. 2    4  4 kapporeth;fromtheHebrew(kopher);propitiatory:"mercyseat(27).  *  Exodus26:34 V  Ѐ"Youshallputthemercyseatonthearkofthetestimonyintheholyofholies. *z      0 4    2.ToCoverOver ) 0KԌ4(#4(# Ќ   4 kapharalsomeanstocoverover,pacify,makepropitiation:"appease(1),appease*(1), N expiationcanbemade(1),forgave(1),forgive(4),forgiven(5),madeatonement(3),make "r atonement(71),pardon(1). F  dLeviticus9:7 R ЀMosesthensaidtoAaron,"Comeneartothealtarandofferyoursinofferingandyour : burntoffering,thatyoumaymakeatonementforyourselfandforthepeople;thenmake ^ theofferingforthepeople,thatyoumaymakeatonementforthem,justastheLordhas 2 commanded."  Leviticus17:11 &v Ѐ'Forthelifeofthefleshisintheblood,andIhavegivenittoyouonthealtartomake ^  atonementforyoursouls;foritisthebloodbyreasonofthelifethatmakesatonement.' 2!  Deut.21:8 #" Ѐ'ForgiveYourpeopleIsraelwhomYouhaveredeemed,OLord,anddonotplacethe $* # guiltofinnocentbloodinthemidstofYourpeopleIsrael.'Andthebloodguiltinessshallbe % $ forgiventhem. &!%     4  ݯ0    3.TheDayofAtonement ݯ 0Ԍ' #& (# (# Ќ  Leviticus23:27-28 (B$' Ѐ"Onexactlythetenthdayofthisseventhmonthisthedayofatonement;itshallbea **z%( holyconvocationforyou,andyoushallhumbleyoursoulsandpresentanofferingbyfire *N&) totheLord.[28]"Youshallnotdoanyworkonthissameday,foritisadayofatonement, +"'* tomakeatonementonyourbehalfbeforetheLordyourGod. ,'+  -.),  4 kippuratonement      ݏ0 4    Leviticus16:1-34 ݏ 0Ԍ p4(#4(# Ќ  ݀NowtheLordspoketoMosesafterthedeathofthetwosonsofAaron,whentheyhad X approachedthepresenceoftheLordanddied.[2]TheLordsaidtoMoses: , | Ѐ"TellyourbrotherAaronthatheshallnotenteratanytimeintotheholyplaceinsidethe d  veil,beforethemercyseatwhichisontheark,orhewilldie;forIwillappearinthecloud 8  overthemercyseat.[3]"Aaronshallentertheholyplacewiththis:withabullforasin  \ offeringandaramforaburntoffering.[4]"Heshallputontheholylinentunic,andthe  0 linenundergarmentsshallbenexttohisbody,andheshallbegirdedwiththelinensash    andattiredwiththelinenturban(theseareholygarments).Thenheshallbathehisbody   inwaterandputthemon.[5]"HeshalltakefromthecongregationofthesonsofIsrael \  twomalegoatsforasinofferingandoneramforaburntoffering.[6]"ThenAaronshall 0  offerthebullforthesinofferingwhichisforhimself,thathemaymakeatonementfor T  himselfandforhishousehold.[7]"Heshalltakethetwogoatsandpresentthembefore (  theLordatthedoorwayofthetentofmeeting.[8]"Aaronshallcastlotsforthetwogoats,   onelotfortheLordandtheotherlotforthescapegoat.[9]"ThenAaronshallofferthe  goatonwhichthelotfortheLordfell,andmakeitasinoffering.[10]"Butthegoaton T whichthelotforthescapegoatfellshallbepresentedalivebeforetheLord,tomake (x atonementuponit,tosenditintothewildernessasthescapegoat. L Ѐ[11]"ThenAaronshallofferthebullofthesinofferingwhichisforhimselfandmake 4 atonementforhimselfandforhishousehold,andheshallslaughterthebullofthesin X offeringwhichisforhimself.[12]"Heshalltakeafirepanfullofcoalsoffirefromupon , thealtarbeforetheLordandtwohandfulsoffinelygroundsweetincense,andbringit  insidetheveil.[13]"HeshallputtheincenseonthefirebeforetheLord,thatthecloudof  incensemaycoverthemercyseatthatisonthearkofthetestimony,otherwisehewilldie. X [14]"Moreover,heshalltakesomeofthebloodofthebullandsprinkleitwithhisfinger ,| onthemercyseatontheeastside;alsoinfrontofthemercyseatheshallsprinklesome P ofthebloodwithhisfingerseventimes. $ Ѐ[15]"Thenheshallslaughterthegoatofthesinofferingwhichisforthepeople,and  \ bringitsbloodinsidetheveilanddowithitsbloodashedidwiththebloodofthebull, 0 andsprinkleitonthemercyseatandinfrontofthemercyseat.[16]"Heshallmake   atonementfortheholyplace,becauseoftheimpuritiesofthesonsofIsraelandbecause !  oftheirtransgressionsinregardtoalltheirsins;andthusheshalldoforthetentof \"! meetingwhichabideswiththeminthemidstoftheirimpurities.[17]"Whenhegoesinto 0#" makeatonementintheholyplace,nooneshallbeinthetentofmeetinguntilhecomes $T# out,thathemaymakeatonementforhimselfandforhishouseholdandforallthe $( $ assemblyofIsrael.[18]"ThenheshallgoouttothealtarthatisbeforetheLordandmake % % atonementforit,andshalltakesomeofthebloodofthebullandofthebloodofthegoat &!& andputitonthehornsofthealtaronallsides.[19]"Withhisfingerheshallsprinkle T'"' someofthebloodonitseventimesandcleanseit,andfromtheimpuritiesofthesonsof ((x#( Israelconsecrateit. (L$) Ѐ[20]"Whenhefinishesatoningfortheholyplaceandthetentofmeetingandthealtar, 4*%* heshallofferthelivegoat.[21]"ThenAaronshalllaybothofhishandsontheheadofthe +X&+ livegoat,andconfessoveritalltheiniquitiesofthesonsofIsraelandalltheir +,', transgressionsinregardtoalltheirsins;andheshalllaythemontheheadofthegoat ,(- andsenditawayintothewildernessbythehandofamanwhostandsinreadiness.[22] -(. "Thegoatshallbearonitselfalltheiriniquitiestoasolitaryland;andheshallreleasethe X.)/ goatinthewilderness.  Ѐ[23]"ThenAaronshallcomeintothetentofmeetingandtakeoffthelinengarments 8 whichheputonwhenhewentintotheholyplace,andshallleavethemthere.[24]"He   shallbathehisbodywithwaterinaholyplaceandputonhisclothes,andcomeforthand  offerhisburntofferingandtheburntofferingofthepeopleandmakeatonementfor d himselfandforthepeople.[25]"Thenheshallofferupinsmokethefatofthesinoffering 8  onthealtar.[26]"Theonewhoreleasedthegoatasthescapegoatshallwashhisclothes  \ andbathehisbodywithwater;thenafterwardheshallcomeintothecamp.[27]"Butthe  0 bullofthesinofferingandthegoatofthesinoffering,whosebloodwasbroughtinto   makeatonementintheholyplace,shallbetakenoutsidethecamp,andtheyshallburn    theirhides,theirflesh,andtheirrefuseinthefire.[28]"Thentheonewhoburnsthem \   shallwashhisclothesandbathehisbodywithwater,thenafterwardheshallcomeinto 0  thecamp. T  Ѐ[29]"Thisshallbeapermanentstatuteforyou:intheseventhmonth,onthetenthday <  ofthemonth,youshallhumbleyoursoulsandnotdoanywork,whetherthenative,orthe `  alienwhosojournsamongyou;[30]foritisonthisdaythatatonementshallbemadefor 4  youtocleanseyou;youwillbecleanfromallyoursinsbeforetheLord.[31]"Itistobea  sabbathofsolemnrestforyou,thatyoumayhumbleyoursouls;itisapermanentstatute.  [32]"Sothepriestwhoisanointedandordainedtoserveaspriestinhisfather'splace ` shallmakeatonement:heshallthusputonthelinengarments,theholygarments, 4 ̀TheDayofAtonementwasthegreatestdayoftheyearforIsrael.TheHebrewwordfor  atonemeans tocover.OldTestamentsacrificescouldnotactuallyremovesins,only x coverthem.Onthisday,thepeopleconfessedtheirsinsasanation,andthehighpriest L wentintotheMostHolyPlacetomakeatonementforthem.  p 16:1-25AaronhadtospendhourspreparinghimselftomeetGod.Butwecanapproach X Godanytime(Hebrews4:16). ,| Still,wemustneverforgetthatGodisholynorletthisprivilegecauseustoapproachGod d carelessly. 8 ThewaytoGodhasbeenopenedtousbyChrist. p 16:5-28ThiseventwiththetwogoatsoccurredontheDayofAtonement. !0 ThetwogoatsrepresentedthetwowaysGodwasdealingwiththeIsraelitessin: #h  (1)hewasforgivingtheirsinthroughthefirstgoat,whichwassacrificed,and P$! (2)hewasremovingtheirguiltthroughthesecondgoat,thescapegoatthatwassentinto % " thedesert. \&!# Thesameritualhadtoberepeatedeveryyear.JesusChristsdeathreplacedthissystem '"$ onceandforall.Wecanhaveoursinsforgivenandguiltremovedbyplacingourtrustin h(#% Christ(Hebrews10:1-18). <)$& [34]"Nowyoushallhavethisasapermanentstatute,tomakeatonementforthesonsof t*%' Israelforalltheirsinsonceeveryyear."AndjustastheLordhadcommandedMoses,so H+&( hedid. ,l')  .)+    ݀ 0 4    BibleBackgroundCommentary-Leviticus16:1-34DayofAtonement " 0DԌ4(#4(# Ќ      0 4    l 16:6-10.purposeoftheday.  05Ԍ84(#4(# Ќ      0 4    l 16:8.Azazel.scapegoatconceptintheancientNearEast.  0 Ԍ p4(#4(# Ќ      0 4    l 16:29.tenthdayoftheseventhmonth.  0ԌX4(#4(# Ќ      ݧ0 4    l 16:34.atonementonceayear. ݧ 0Ԍ 4(#4(# Ќ  j    jڀ  TheBookofHebrewsasfulfillmentjڀ  Ԍ  P Ќ  ݀ 8  Hebrews2:17 p  ЀTherefore,HehadtobemadelikeHisbrethreninallthings,sothatHemightbecomea   mercifulandfaithfulhighpriestinthingspertainingtoGod,tomakepropitiationforthe |  sinsofthepeople. P      }0 4    Hebrews9:1-28 } 0ԌH4(#4(# Ќ  ̀Noweventhefirstcovenanthadregulationsofdivineworshipandtheearthly h sanctuary.[2]Fortherewasatabernacleprepared,theouterone,inwhichwerethe < lampstandandthetableandthesacredbread;thisiscalledtheholyplace.[3]Behindthe ` secondveiltherewasatabernaclewhichiscalledtheHolyofHolies,[4]havingagolden 4 altarofincenseandthearkofthecovenantcoveredonallsideswithgold,inwhichwasa  goldenjarholdingthemanna,andAaron'srodwhichbudded,andthetablesofthe  covenant;[5]andaboveitwerethecherubimofgloryovershadowingthemercyseat;but ` ofthesethingswecannotnowspeakindetail. 4 Ѐ[6]Nowwhenthesethingshavebeensoprepared,thepriestsarecontinuallyentering l theoutertabernacleperformingthedivineworship,[7]butintothesecond,onlythehigh @ priestentersonceayear,notwithouttakingblood,whichheoffersforhimselfandforthe  d sinsofthepeoplecommittedinignorance.[8]TheHolySpiritissignifyingthis,thatthe  8 wayintotheholyplacehasnotyetbeendisclosedwhiletheoutertabernacleisstill !  standing,[9]whichisasymbolforthepresenttime.Accordinglybothgiftsandsacrifices " areofferedwhichcannotmaketheworshiperperfectinconscience,[10]sincetheyrelate d# onlytofoodanddrinkandvariouswashings,regulationsforthebodyimposeduntilatime 8$ ofreformation.  %\  Ѐ[11]ButwhenChristappearedasahighpriestofthegoodthingstocome,Heentered D&!! throughthegreaterandmoreperfecttabernacle,notmadewithhands,thatistosay,not 'h"" ofthiscreation;[12]andnotthroughthebloodofgoatsandcalves,butthroughHisown '<## blood,Heenteredtheholyplaceonceforall,havingobtainedeternalredemption.[13] ($$ Forifthebloodofgoatsandbullsandtheashesofaheifersprinklingthosewhohave )$% beendefiledsanctifyforthecleansingoftheflesh,[14]howmuchmorewillthebloodof h*%& Christ,whothroughtheeternalSpiritofferedHimselfwithoutblemishtoGod,cleanseyour <+&' consciencefromdeadworkstoservethelivingGod? ,`'( Ѐ[15]ForthisreasonHeisthemediatorofanewcovenant,sothat,sinceadeathhas H-() takenplacefortheredemptionofthetransgressionsthatwerecommittedunderthefirst .l)* covenant,thosewhohavebeencalledmayreceivethepromiseoftheeternalinheritance.  [16]Forwhereacovenantis,theremustofnecessitybethedeathoftheonewhomade  it.[17]Foracovenantisvalidonlywhenmenaredead,foritisneverinforcewhilethe X onewhomadeitlives.[18]Thereforeeventhefirstcovenantwasnotinauguratedwithout ,| blood.[19]ForwheneverycommandmenthadbeenspokenbyMosestoallthepeople P accordingtotheLaw,hetookthebloodofthecalvesandthegoats,withwaterandscarlet $ woolandhyssop,andsprinkledboththebookitselfandallthepeople,[20]saying,"This   isthebloodofthecovenantwhichGodcommandedyou."[21]Andinthesamewayhe |  sprinkledboththetabernacleandallthevesselsoftheministrywiththeblood.[22]And P  accordingtotheLaw,onemayalmostsay,allthingsarecleansedwithblood,andwithout $ t  sheddingofbloodthereisnoforgiveness.  H  Ѐ[23]Thereforeitwasnecessaryforthecopiesofthethingsintheheavenstobe 0  cleansedwiththese,buttheheavenlythingsthemselveswithbettersacrificesthanthese. T  [24]ForChristdidnotenteraholyplacemadewithhands,amerecopyofthetrueone, (  butintoheavenitself,nowtoappearinthepresenceofGodforus;[25]norwasitthatHe   wouldofferHimselfoften,asthehighpriestenterstheholyplaceyearbyyearwithblood   thatisnothisown.[26]Otherwise,Hewouldhaveneededtosufferoftensincethe T  foundationoftheworld;butnowonceattheconsummationoftheagesHehasbeen (x manifestedtoputawaysinbythesacrificeofHimself.[27]Andinasmuchasitis L appointedformentodieonceandafterthiscomesjudgment,[28]soChristalso,having   beenofferedoncetobearthesinsofmany,willappearasecondtimeforsalvation  withoutreferencetosin,tothosewhoeagerlyawaitHim. x Ѐ 4